Vincent Bivona- Leonardo da Vinci
He was “like a
man who awoke too early in the darkness, while the others were all still
asleep.” - Sigmund Freud
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) was born
in Anchiano, Tuscany, near the town of Vinci. Da Vinci’s parents weren’t
married, and his mother, Caterina, a peasant, wed another man while da Vinci
was very young and began a new family. Beginning around age 5, he lived on the
estate in Vinci that belonged to the family of his father, Ser Peiro, an
attorney and notary. Da Vinci’s uncle, who had a particular appreciation for
nature that da Vinci grew to share, also helped raise him. Da
Vinci received no formal education beyond basic reading, writing and math, but
his father appreciated his artistic talent and apprenticed him at around age 15
to the noted sculptor and painter Andrea del Verrocchio, of Florence. For about
a decade, da Vinci refined his painting and sculpting techniques and trained in
mechanical arts. He remained with Verrocchio until he became an independent
master in 1478.
Da Vinci’s was a famed painter,
architect, inventor, and student of all things scientific. His genius crossed
so many disciplines that he epitomized the term “Renaissance man.” Today he
remains best known for his art, including two paintings that remain among the world’s
most famous and admired: Mona Lisa
and The Last Supper.
Mona Lisa c. 1503-05
The Last Supper (1498)
Art, da Vinci believed, was
indisputably connected with science and nature. Largely self-educated, he
filled dozens of notebooks with scientific and artistic inventions,
observations and theories that ranged from aeronautics to anatomy. He studied
nature, mechanics, anatomy, physics, architecture, weaponry and more, often
creating accurate, workable designs for machines like the bicycle, helicopter,
submarine and military tank that would not come to fruition for centuries.
Giant Crossbow
Flying Machine
Several themes could be said to
unite da Vinci’s eclectic interests. Most notably, he believed that sight was
mankind’s most important sense and that “saper vedere” (knowing how to see) was
crucial to living all aspects of life fully. He saw science and art as
complementary rather than distinct disciplines, and thought that ideas
formulated in one realm could-and should-inform the other.
Star of Bethlehem and other
plants
Probably because of his abundance of
diverse interests, da Vinci failed to complete a significant number of his
paintings and projects. He spent a great deal of time immersing himself in
nature, testing scientific laws, dissecting bodies (human and animal) and
thinking and writing about his observations. At some point in the early 1490s,
da Vinci began filling notebooks with illustrations and commentary related to
four broad themes- painting, architecture, mechanics and human anatomy.
Da Vinci made a scientific study of light and shadow in nature. He realized that objects were not comprised of outlines, but were actually three-dimensional bodies defined by light and shadow. Known as chiaroscuro, this technique gave his paintings the soft, lifelike quality that made older paintings look cartoony and flat. He also saw that an object's detail and color changed as it receded in the distance. Da Vinci used this technique, called sfumato, as a powerful tool for creating atmosphere and depth.
Da Vinci made a scientific study of light and shadow in nature. He realized that objects were not comprised of outlines, but were actually three-dimensional bodies defined by light and shadow. Known as chiaroscuro, this technique gave his paintings the soft, lifelike quality that made older paintings look cartoony and flat. He also saw that an object's detail and color changed as it receded in the distance. Da Vinci used this technique, called sfumato, as a powerful tool for creating atmosphere and depth.
The Battle of Anghiari c. 1503-05
Ever the perfectionist, Leonardo turned to science in the quest to improve his artwork. His study of nature and anatomy emerged in his stunningly realistic paintings, and his dissections of the human body paved the way for remarkably accurate figures. He was the first artist to study the physical proportions of men, women and children and to use these studies to determine the "ideal" human figure.
Anatomical Studies of the
Shoulder
The reason I find da Vinci so fascinating as an artist is
due to his merging of science, art, and nature, which I too consider to be, all
related. All in all, Leonardo believed that the artist must know not just the
rules of perspective, but all the laws of nature.
Works Cited
Capra, Fritjof. The
Science of Leonardo: Inside the Mind of the Great Genius of the Renaissance. New York: Doubleday, 2007. Print.
Corsi, Jerome
R., and Leonardo. Leonardo Da Vinci: A Three-dimensional Study. Rohnert Park, CA: Pomegranate Art, 1995.
Print.
History.com
Staff. "Leonardo Da Vinci." History.com. A&E Television
Networks, 2009. Web. 02 Mar. 2015.
"Museum of
Science, Boston." Leonardo Da Vinci. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Mar.
2015.
Zwijnenberg,
Robert, and Leonardo. The Writings and
Drawings of Leonardo Da Vinci: Order
and Chaos in Early Modern Thought. New York: Cambridge UP, 1999. Print.
I learned a lot from your post. Thank you Vincent. While Da Vinci is the man that I revere almost like a saint, I realize that don't know much about him. One question on my mind is that, if he (like he seems to me) spent most of his life as an independent artist/scientist/engineer, how did he support himself? How did he get money? I'm talking about before he got insanely famous in his late years.
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