Vincent Bivona- Leonardo da Vinci 

He was “like a man who awoke too early in the darkness, while the others were all still asleep.” - Sigmund Freud

            Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) was born in Anchiano, Tuscany, near the town of Vinci. Da Vinci’s parents weren’t married, and his mother, Caterina, a peasant, wed another man while da Vinci was very young and began a new family. Beginning around age 5, he lived on the estate in Vinci that belonged to the family of his father, Ser Peiro, an attorney and notary. Da Vinci’s uncle, who had a particular appreciation for nature that da Vinci grew to share, also helped raise him. Da Vinci received no formal education beyond basic reading, writing and math, but his father appreciated his artistic talent and apprenticed him at around age 15 to the noted sculptor and painter Andrea del Verrocchio, of Florence. For about a decade, da Vinci refined his painting and sculpting techniques and trained in mechanical arts. He remained with Verrocchio until he became an independent master in 1478.

            Da Vinci’s was a famed painter, architect, inventor, and student of all things scientific. His genius crossed so many disciplines that he epitomized the term “Renaissance man.” Today he remains best known for his art, including two paintings that remain among the world’s most famous and admired: Mona Lisa and The Last Supper.

Mona Lisa c. 1503-05

The Last Supper (1498)

            Art, da Vinci believed, was indisputably connected with science and nature. Largely self-educated, he filled dozens of notebooks with scientific and artistic inventions, observations and theories that ranged from aeronautics to anatomy. He studied nature, mechanics, anatomy, physics, architecture, weaponry and more, often creating accurate, workable designs for machines like the bicycle, helicopter, submarine and military tank that would not come to fruition for centuries.

                                                                                                                                                                            

Giant Crossbow

Flying Machine

            Several themes could be said to unite da Vinci’s eclectic interests. Most notably, he believed that sight was mankind’s most important sense and that “saper vedere” (knowing how to see) was crucial to living all aspects of life fully. He saw science and art as complementary rather than distinct disciplines, and thought that ideas formulated in one realm could-and should-inform the other.

Star of Bethlehem and other plants

            Probably because of his abundance of diverse interests, da Vinci failed to complete a significant number of his paintings and projects. He spent a great deal of time immersing himself in nature, testing scientific laws, dissecting bodies (human and animal) and thinking and writing about his observations. At some point in the early 1490s, da Vinci began filling notebooks with illustrations and commentary related to four broad themes- painting, architecture, mechanics and human anatomy.
            Da Vinci made a scientific study of light and shadow in nature. He realized that objects were not comprised of outlines, but were actually three-dimensional bodies defined by light and shadow. Known as chiaroscuro, this technique gave his paintings the soft, lifelike quality that made older paintings look cartoony and flat. He also saw that an object's detail and color changed as it receded in the distance. Da Vinci used this technique, called sfumato, as a powerful tool for creating atmosphere and depth.

The Battle of Anghiari c. 1503-05

            Ever the perfectionist, Leonardo turned to science in the quest to improve his artwork. His study of nature and anatomy emerged in his stunningly realistic paintings, and his dissections of the human body paved the way for remarkably accurate figures. He was the first artist to study the physical proportions of men, women and children and to use these studies to determine the "ideal" human figure.

Anatomical Studies of the Shoulder

            The reason I find da Vinci so fascinating as an artist is due to his merging of science, art, and nature, which I too consider to be, all related. All in all, Leonardo believed that the artist must know not just the rules of perspective, but all the laws of nature. 

  

Works Cited

Capra, Fritjof. The Science of Leonardo: Inside the Mind of the Great Genius of the Renaissance.       New York: Doubleday, 2007. Print.

Corsi, Jerome R., and Leonardo. Leonardo Da Vinci: A Three-dimensional Study.   Rohnert Park,   CA: Pomegranate Art, 1995. Print.

History.com Staff. "Leonardo Da Vinci." History.com. A&E Television Networks, 2009. Web. 02 Mar. 2015.

"Museum of Science, Boston." Leonardo Da Vinci. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Mar. 2015.

Zwijnenberg, Robert, and Leonardo. The Writings and Drawings of Leonardo Da Vinci:    Order and Chaos in Early Modern Thought. New York: Cambridge UP, 1999.     Print.

Raffael Sanzio(Raphael)- Paschalia Nsato

Raffaelo Sanzio commonly referred to as Raphael, was born in Urbino Italy in April 6^th 1483. He was a painter and an architect of the Renaissance period. Raphael, Michel Angelo and Leonardo de Vinci are considered the great three artists of their time. Born to an artist father Giovanni Santi, Raphael showed great potential from a young age. Giovanni Santi exposed Raphael to some basic painting techniques. Unfortunatly, Giovanni Santi passed away when Raphael was only 11 years old. This however, did not stop Raphael from continuing his work and was in fact an important time for Raphahel as to evolve as artist. At the tender age of 11, Raphael had to take the responsibility of managing his father’s workshop. 

 

   Raphael's self portrait at the age of of 14

 Leonardo de Vinci influence can be seen in Raphael's art called “la belle jardin”. The techniques that Raphael learnt from Leonard include pyramid composition and sfumato modeling. Pyramidal composition was used in the "la belle jardin"
      Raphael moved to Florence in 1504 where he worked with many art centres, this was the time he started employing other artists styles in his work also. during this time he did a lot of Madonna’s art. Michelangelo's influence  his work Ezekiel’s vision which he used the same elements commonly used in Michaelangelo’s arts.  Michelangelo must havo not been pleased with this, and he became his biggest rival throughout Raphael’s lifetime.

     Raphael’s skills were further developed under the hands of a master artist named 

Pietro Vannunci  commonly referred to as Perguno. Under Perugino's supervision for 4 years, Raphael learnt new techniques and evolved dramatically. Perugino's influence can be seen on Raphael's work. Raphael absorbed Perugino's style . Perguno was not the only artist to influence Raphael's work. He was also influenced by artists like Leonardo de Vinci and Michelangelo. Raphael did not blindly absorb other artists styles. He observed and later came up with his own personal expressive style. all his art work even the ones influenced by other artists like Leornardo de Vinci are said to be not exact replicas but are said to be "Raphaelesque". His style is expressive and very dramatique.

la belle jardin

Ezekiel's vision

     Raphael used silverpoint (he was one of the last artists to use this), ink, black chalk and red chalk while making his sketches. He employed a technique of drawing six or four preparatory drawings, which narrated his drawing in different perspectives and then he would combine all the preparatory drawings into the final drawing that he had in mind. Raphael’s drawings were said to be precise with carefully attention to details. There are claims that his drawings were even more attractive than the finished painting’s. Raphael was also the first artist to use female models during an era where male models were popular instead.

preparatory sketches of madonna and child

My interest on Raphael artwork was attributed to his attention to details in his work, the art he produced and its emotional resonance with me. From a young age I have always been intrigued by madonna’s and the depiction of cherubs and pittas, although most artists especially in his time potrayed Madonnas and cherubs in their work, I feel like there is an element of sensitivity that I can bodly connect with Raphael’s work. I also feel like he's careful attention to details is what makes his work look more alive and realistic.

Born on good friday, a marvelous piece by Raphael

References

Biography.com,. N.p., 2015. Web. 3 Mar. 2015.

Deborah Mends How To Draw Journey,. 'Raffaello Sanzio'. N.p., 2015. Web. 3 Mar. 2015.


Encyclopedia.com,. 'Raphael Facts, Information, Pictures | Encyclopedia.Com Articles About Raphael'. N.p., 2015. Web. 3 Mar. 2015

Wikipedia,. 'Ezekiel's Vision (Raphael)'. N.p., 2015. Web. 3 Mar. 2015.